The following report on assisted suicide was written by Catholic League senior policy analyst Nicholas Palczewski (a longer version is available on our website; it includes data on other countries).
Nationwide, support for doctor-assisted suicide is losing ground. Identical studies done in 2016 and 2025 by the Lifeway Research found that in 2016, 67% of Americans agreed with it, but in 2025, only 51% of Americans agreed.
What follows is a look at the six states that have the worst record.
California
Origin
The California End of Life Option Act went into effect in 2016.
Victims
According to the California Department of Public Health, between 2016 and 2024 a total of 8,242 people received prescriptions for life-ending drugs. Of this, 5,423 people ended their lives by ingesting the drug.
Legal Changes
In January 2022, SB 380 went into effect. The law reduced the waiting period between oral requests for medication from 15 days to 48 hours. It also removed the requirement for the patient to state a final attestation before receiving the medication.
Results
As a result of the passage of SB 380, California saw a massive spike in patients receiving end of life prescriptions. California public health data shows that between 2021 and 2022, the number of prescriptions written spiked from 863 to 1,204. Of the 1,204, roughly 78% of patients waited less than 15 days for the medication. As a result, the number of deaths significantly increased during this time period from 522 to 853.
Colorado
Origin
In 2016, two-thirds of Colorado voters approved Proposition 106 which allowed for the legalization of Medical Aid in Dying.
Victims
According to the Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment, between 2017 and 2024 a total of 1,995 people had received prescriptions for life-ending drugs. Legal Changes In 2024, SB 24-068 was signed into law. The law gets rid of safeguards in the original bill. These include:
- Reducing the waiting period for a prescription from 15 days to 7 days.
- Allowing a physician to waive the waiting period requirement if it is determined that a patient has less than 48 hours to live.
- Permitting a registered nurse to evaluate a patient’s status and prescribe the life-ending medication.
Results
The 2024 change to the law has led to a significant increase in patient prescriptions than in previous years. Between 2022 and 2023, the number of patients being prescribed life-ending medication increased from 317 to 398; between 2023 and 2024, the number increased from 398 to 510.
Hawaii
Origin
Our Choice Act took effect in 2019.
Victims
According to the Hawaii Department of Health, between 2019 and 2024 a total of 361 patients received prescriptions for life-ending drugs, ending the lives of 195.
Legal Changes
In 2023, amendments to the law were passed, including the following:
- Enabling advanced practice registered nurses to act as attending, consulting or counseling providers.
- Allowing licensed marriage and family therapists to be listed as counseling providers.
- Shortening the waiting period for obtaining a fatal prescription from 20 days from the initial request to 5 days. (The waiting period can be shortened to 48 hours if it’s determined that the patient is unlikely to live past 5 days.)
Results
In 2025, the Honolulu Star Advertiser reported that Honolulu police “opened a second-degree murder investigation after a doctor allegedly administer[ed] a lethal prescription dose to an 88-year-old woman in violation of Hawaii’s assisted death law.” Police allege the doctor failed to follow the rule which states that only the patient may administer the dosage. The report also mentions that “at one point [the patient] motioned for the doctor to stop, but he continued to administer the prescription.”
Oregon
Origin
Oregon’s Death With Dignity Act was initially approved by Oregon voters in 1994, but an injunction was issued. It was lifted in 1997, allowing the law to take effect.
Victims
According to the Oregon Health Authority, from 1998 to 2024, a total of 4,881 people received prescriptions for life-ending drugs. Of this, 3,243 patients died by ingesting the drug.
Legal Changes
In 2019, SB 579 was signed giving physicians the ability to waive the 15 day waiting period for people in extreme situations. In 2023, HB 2279 was signed repealing the residency restriction in the law.
Results
Health plans in Oregon have encouraged cancer patients to take medicine that would end their life. In 2008 a 64-year-old woman was diagnosed with lung cancer and was prescribed a treatment drug by her doctor. Her insurance company, Oregon Health Plan, refused to pay for the drug, but instead offered to cover drugs associated with medical aid in dying. That same year, Oregon resident Randy Stoup suffered the same experience when Oregon Health Plan refused to cover the chemotherapy for his prostate cancer, but offered to cover life-ending drugs.
Research published in the journal BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care in 2023 analyzed the effectiveness of Oregon’s medical aid in dying program from its inception in 1997 to present day. The researchers found that safeguards put into place designed to protect patients are increasingly being ignored at the expense of nonterminally ill patients. They concluded that:
- “Since 2010, various other diagnoses have qualified [for medical aid in dying], including non-terminal illness, such as arthritis, complications from a fall, hernia, and anorexia nervosa.”
- “The length of the doctor-patient relationship reduced over time…falling from 18 weeks, on average, in 2010, to 5 weeksin 2022.”
- “[In] the first 3 years of the legislation doctors requested psychiatric assessment in an average of 28% of cases. By 2003 this had dropped to 5%, and in 2022, just 1% of participants underwent psychiatric evaluation.”
- “In the first 5 years of the legislation, nearly a third (30%) of participants were concerned about being a burden. Since 2017, this has been cited by around half of those opting for an assisted death: 46% in 2022.”
There was also an instance where the life-ending drugs failed to effectively work. In 2005 a man terminally ill with cancer chose to end his life under the law. After completing the legal process, he got the fatal prescription, ingested the liquid “laced with powder from 100 barbiturate pills, and fell asleep. Three days later, he woke up and asked his wife why he wasn’t dead.” He told his wife that while he was unconscious, “God had told him that his action wasn’t the way to get into heaven.” He died from lung and bone cancer two weeks later.
Vermont
Origin
In 2013, Vermont Patient Choice and Control at the End of Life Act was passed, making Vermont the fourth state to legalize medical aid in dying.
Victims
According to the Vermont Department of Health, between 2013 and 2023 a total of 200 patients received prescriptions for life-ending drugs. Of this, 146 ended their lives.
Legal Changes
In 2023, a law was passed removing the residency requirement, becoming the first state to allow nonresidents to commit assisted suicide.
Results
Since the residency requirement was lifted, clinics and physicians have been overwhelmed by the number of out-of-state patients seeking to end their life. One physician said that it “has profoundly changed my life, our clinic function,” and “We just had a lot to learn about how to pull this off logistically.”
Washington
Origin
Washington’s Death with Dignity Act became law in 2009 after 58% of voters approved a ballot initiative in 2008.
Victims
According to the Washington State Department of Health, between 2009 and 2023 a total of 3,683 people received prescriptions for life-ending drugs. Of this, 2,768 people ended their lives.
Legal Changes
In 2023, SB 5179 was introduced and passed in the Washington legislature. The law reduced safeguards to existing law that sought to protect patients. These included:
- Allowing a physician’s assistant or nurse practitioner to make a decision on patient’s terminal status.
- Allowing a non-psychiatrist social worker or other mental health counselor to give a mental health evaluation.
- Removing the waiting period between requests for life-ending medication from 15 days to 7 days.
- Allowing for life ending medication to be sent via mail as opposed to receiving the drugs directly from a licensed pharmacist.
Results
Patients are also more and more likely to kill themselves for fear of being a burden. According to the State Health Reports, in 2009, just 23% of patients stated that the main reason they wanted to die was fear of “Burden on family, friends/caregivers.” In 2022, 59% of patients felt this way.
Conclusion
Sometimes it takes a personal experience before we change. Take the case of Montana State Rep. Greg Overstreet, who initially was a supporter of doctor-assisted suicide. When he was suffering from COVID and on a ventilator, doctors told him he had a slim chance of survival. He asked doctors to pull his ventilator after seven days, but extended it to two weeks after pleas from his wife. He soon made a miraculous recovery a week later. He noted that if it were not for his wife pleading him to extend the “do no resuscitate” order, he would not have survived. His experience led him to support the prohibition of the law.
It is striking to note that the six states with the worst record are also among the least religious in the nation. A recent Pew study of the 50 states and the District of Columbia listed California and Colorado tied for 39th, Hawaii was 43rd, Oregon was 40th, Vermont was 51st and Washington 37th.
Radical autonomy has become a secular God. Its consequences are deadly.