Pius XII, John XXIII, and the Newly-Opened Archives
Ronald J. Rychlak Catalyst, March 2007 Eugenio Pacelli became Pope Pius XII in 1939, after having spent nine years as Cardinal Secretary of State. Prior to that, he had been the Vatican's representative in Germany. During his lifetime, Pius XII's opposition to Hitler was well known. Nazis condemned him, Jews thanked him, and rescuers identified him [...]